Asthma

Asthma is a chronic lung disease that affects children's breathing by causing bronchospasm – tightening of the breathing tubes, inflamed bronchial tubes and increased mucous production. It is the leading cause of school absences and admissions to Children's Hospital of Wisconsin.

Asthma symptoms include coughing, wheezing, chest tightness or pain, and shortness of breath. When a child has asthma, his or her airway is more sensitive. Asthma triggers may irritate the airway and cause an asthma episode. Common triggers include pollen, animal dander, dust mites, cockroaches, molds, cigarette smoke, perfumes, infections and upper respiratory viruses, such as head colds, and exercise. However, if a child's asthma is managed properly, exercise is possible and encouraged.

During an asthma attack, there are some things that can be done to stop it or make it less severe.

• Get the child away from the trigger.
• Help him or her stay calm and relaxed by taking slow, deep breaths.
• Give medications, if prescribed.
• Drink water to help thin mucus and make coughing easier.

If these steps do not help, seek medical attention.

The best way to treat asthma is to prevent an attack. Keep track of what triggers lead to attacks and avoid them if possible. For example, children may need to stay indoors during high pollen counts or during activities that release pollen, such as raking and mowing the lawn.

Asthma cannot be cured, but it can be controlled. Children should be able to exercise and sleep through the night with asthma. If this is impossible for them, consult your pediatrician or asthma/allergy specialist.

While some children outgrow asthma, it is a serious disease with effects that can stay with a child for a lifetime. Education, prevention and quick action can help your child live successfully with asthma.