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Obesity
A generalized accumulation of body fat; overweight by 30 percent of the ideal body weight.
Object Permanence
An ability to know that something still exists even though it cannot be seen.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
An anxiety disorder in which a person has an unreasonable thought, fear, or worry that he/she tries to manage through a ritualized activity to reduce the anxiety. Frequently occurring disturbing thoughts or images are called obsessions, and the rituals performed to try to prevent or dispel them are called compulsions.
Obstetrician
A specially trained physician who cares for the needs of women during pregnancy, labor, delivery and the postpartum period.
Obstruction
A blockage in the digestive tract that prevents the forward movement of foods and liquids as they are digested.
Oculo-Auriculo-Vertebral Spectrum
A condition in which the tissues on one side of the face are underdeveloped, affecting primarily the ear (aural), mouth (oral), and jaw (mandibular) areas. Sometimes, both sides of the face can be affected and may involve the skull, as well as the face. It is also known as hemifacial microsomia, goldenhar syndrome, brachial arch syndrome, facio-auriculo-vertebral syndrome or lateral facial dysplasia.
Occluded Artery
An artery that is narrowed by plaque that impedes blood flow.
Occlusion
Any contact between the biting and chewing surfaces of the upper and lower teeth.
Occult Blood
Blood in the stool that is not visible to the naked eye.
Occupational Therapist
Coordinates care for an individual with a debilitating condition, such as an orthopedic condition.
Occupational Therapy (OT)
A specially trained health care provider who uses structured activities to promote recovery or rehabilitation. With infants, occupational therapy focuses on developmental and behavioral tasks, such as feeding and positioning.
Oligohydramnios
Refers to a reduced volume of amniotic fluid surrounding the unborn baby. This can be an indication of a problem with the baby, especially with the kidneys form and/or function. It can also be related to maternal factors, especially with postdates (beyond 40 weeks gestation), small tear with a leak in the amniotic sac or poor maternal nutrition. Depending on how small the amount of fluid, there can be serious consequences for the unborn baby.
Omphalocele
A birth defect in which the internal organs of the abdomen are pushed out into the base of the umbilical cord.
Omphalocele, prenatal diagnosis of
Through the use of prenatal ultrasound (examining the fetus using ultrasound imaging before birth) the diagnosis of some birth defects can be detected. With this knowledge, families can seek out information which will allow them to participate more fully in planning care and decision making for their infant. It provides them opportunity to plan for delivery at an institution that is able to care for both mother and baby which avoids the trauma of transport and separation. An omphalocele is one of the more easily diagnosed birth defect in which the internal organs of the abdomen are pushed out into the base of the umbilical cord.
Oncogenes
Genes that promote cell growth and duplication. These genes are normally present in all cells. But oncogenes may undergo changes (mutations) that activate them, causing cells to grow too quickly and form tumors.
Oncologist
A physician with special training in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Oncology
The branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Oncology Clinic
The Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant Clinic at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin treats infants and children with blood disorders, childhood cancer, and cancer and other diseases affecting the bone marrow.
Oncology Clinical Nurse Specialist
A registered nurse with a Master's degree in oncology nursing who specializes in the care of cancer patients.
Oncology Social Worker
A person with a Master's degree in social work who is an expert in coordinating and providing non-medical care to patients.
Oophoritis
Inflammation of the ovary.
Open Heart Surgery
Surgery that involves opening the chest and heart while a heart-lung machine performs for the heart and lungs during the operation. See our Quality Reports for information on our heart surgery survival outcomes and volumes statistics.
Open Neural Tube Defect (ONTD)
Defect in the spine, called the neural tube, such as spina bifida (open spine) and anencephaly (open skull).
Open Surgery
Cutting the skin and tissues during surgery to expose a full view of the structures and organs involved in the procedure.
Ophthalmologist
A physician who specializes in the structures, functionality and diseases of the eye. An ophthalmologist evaluates and plans treatment of associated eye problems in coordination with other surgical interventions.
Ophthalmoscopy
Examination of the internal structure of the eye.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
A behavior disorder, usually diagnosed in childhood, that is characterized by uncooperative, defiant, negativistic, irritable and annoying behaviors toward parents, peers, teachers and other authority figures. Children and adolescents with ODD are more distressing or troubling to others than they are distressed or troubled themselves.
Optic Nerve
A bundle of more than one million nerve fibers that connects the retina with the brain. The optic nerve carries signals of light, dark, and colors to the area of the brain (the visual cortex), which assembles the signals into images (i.e., our vision).
Optional Surgery
An operation the patient (if age 18 years old or older) or the child's parent(s) or legal guardian(s) chooses to have done, which may not be essential to continuation or quality of life. It is also known as elective surgery.
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgeon
Orthopedic facial surgeon who is responsible for treating a wide variety of dental problems - including the removal of impacted teeth (orthognathic surgery) and reconstructive facial surgery.
Oral Cavity
Relating to the mouth cavity.
Oral Health
There are many different oral and dental conditions that affect adolescents and require the clinical care of a physician or other health care professional.
Orbit
The bony area surrounding the eyeball. It is also known as eye socket.
Orchiopexy
A surgical repair that involves moving an unlowered testicle into the sac that holds the testicles (scrotum).
Orchitis
Inflammation of the testicle(s).
Oropharynx
The part of the throat at the back of the mouth.
Orthodontics
The dental specialty that focuses on the development, prevention, and correction of irregularities of the teeth, bite, and jaws.
Orthodontist
A dentist who evaluates the position and alignment of your child's teeth and coordinates a treatment plan with the surgeon and other specialists.
Orthopedic Center
Pediatric orthopedic surgeons in the Variety Club Orthopedic Center at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin treat a wide variety of conditions and specialize in scoliosis, clubfoot, cerebral palsy and sports medicine. We offer a state-of-the-art gait lab and have one of the only non-radiographic diagnostic tools in the country to measure spine curves, decreasing the overall radiation exposure to our scoliosis patients.
Orthopedic Problems
There are many different orthopedic problems that can affect adolescents and require the clinical care of a physician or other health care professional.
Orthopedic Surgeon
A physician who diagnoses, treats, manages the rehabilitation process and provides prevention protocols for patients who suffer from injury or disease in any of the components of the musculoskeletal system. It is also known as orthopedist.
Orthopedic Surgery
The medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and prevention of injuries and diseases of the body's musculoskeletal system. It is also known as orthopedics.
Orthopedics
The medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and prevention of injuries and diseases of the body's musculoskeletal system. It is also known as orthopedic surgery.
Orthopedist
A physician who diagnoses, treats, manages the rehabilitation process, and provides prevention protocols for patients who suffer from injury or disease in any of the components of the musculoskeletal system. It is also known as orthopedic surgeon.
Orthotist
An individual who specializes in making braces and splints.
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
An overuse condition or injury of the knee that causes pain and swelling below the knee area.
Ostectomy
Surgical removal of a bone.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)
A genetic (inherited) disorder characterized by bones that break easily. There may not be a particular cause for the broken bones. It is also known as brittle-bone disease.
Osteogenic Sarcoma
Cancer that affects the bone. It is also known as osteosarcoma.
Osteoid Tissue
Pre-bone tissue; resembling bone.
Osteomyelitis
An infection in the bone.
Osteoporosis
A progressive condition in which bone density is lost, or there is insufficient bone formation.
Osteosarcoma
Cancer that affects the bone. It is also known as osteogenic sarcoma.
Ostomy
An operation that is done when there is damage to a section of intestine. It creates an opening in the wall of the abdomen, and brings a portion of intestine through the opening so stool can leave the body.
Otitis Externa
Inflammation of the outer part of the ear extending to the auditory canal. It is also known as swimmer's ear.
Otitis Media (OM)
Inflammation of the middle ear caused by infection. It is also known as middle ear infection.
Otoacoustic Emissions
Low-intensity sounds produced by the inner ear that can be quickly measured with a sensitive microphone placed in the ear canal.
Otolaryngologist
A physician/surgeon who will assist in the evaluation and management of ear infections and hearing loss that may be side effects of your child's cleft abnormality. Someone who specialize in diseases of the ears, nose, throat, and head and neck. They are also known as an ear-nose-throat (ENT) specialists and ENT (ear-nose-throat) physicians.
Otologist
A physician/surgeon who specializes in diseases of the ear.
Outer Ear
External portion of the ear, consisting of the pinna, or auricle, and the ear canal.
Outpatient Surgery
Surgery which allows the patient to go home the same day.
Output
An accurate record of all fluids that come out of a baby including urine, stool, blood, drainage from tubes, etc.
Ovaries
The two female reproductive organs located on both sides of the uterus, below the opening of the fallopian tubes (tubes that extend from the uterus to the ovaries), in the pelvis. In addition to containing the egg cells necessary for reproduction, the ovaries also produce estrogen and progesterone.
Overbite
The up and down (vertical) overlapping of the lower teeth by the upper teeth.
Overflow Incontinence
Leakage that occurs when the quantity of urine produced exceeds the bladder's capacity to hold it.
Overuse Conditions
Injuries due to minor trauma involving soft tissue injuries. Injuries that affect the bone, muscles, ligaments, and/or tendons. It is also known as overuse injuiries.
Overuse Injuries
Injuries due to minor trauma involving soft tissue injuries. Injuries that affect the bone, muscles, ligaments, and/or tendons. It is also known as overuse conditions.
Overweight
Increased body size with increased lean body mass and without excess accumulation of body fat.
Ovulation
Release of a mature egg from an ovary.
Ovum
A mature egg cell released during ovulation from an ovary.
Oximeter
A small machine that measures the amount of oxygen in the blood.
Oxygen Desaturation
Insufficient amounts of oxygen in the bloodstream. Desaturation can occur when oxygen-poor (blue) blood from the right side of the heart circulation mixes with oxygen-rich (red) blood in the left side of the heart circulation and goes to the body. Normal oxygen saturation in the arteries is 95 to 100 percent.
Oxygen Saturation (Sats)
The extent to which the hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen. (Hemoglobin is an element in the bloodstream that binds with oxygen and carries it to the organs and tissues of the body.) A normal oxygen saturation of the blood leaving the heart to the body is 95 to 100 percent. The oxygen saturation of the blood returning to the heart after delivering oxygen to the body is 75 percent.
Oxygenation
May refer to the amount of oxygen in the blood or supplying extra oxygen.
Oxytocin
A drug administered either by an injection into the muscles or intravenously that is used to contract the uterus. A hormone secreted by the pituitary gland to contract the uterus during childbirth and stimulate milk production.
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