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Facial Paralysis
Impairment of movement of the muscles of the face due to birth injury.
Facio-Auriculo-Vertebral Syndrome
A condition in which the tissues on one side of the face are underdeveloped, affecting primarily the ear (aural), mouth (oral), and jaw (mandibular) areas. Sometimes, both sides of the face can be affected and may involve the skull, as well as the face. It is also known as hemifacial microsomia (HFM), goldenhar syndrome, brachial arch syndrome, oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum or lateral facial dysplasia.
Factor
A protein in the blood that is needed to form the blood clot.
Failure to Thrive
Failure to grow and gain weight; often due to increased energy expenditure with congenital heart disease.
Familial Hyperlipidemia
At least 2 percent of children have an inherited tendency towards high cholesterol levels, predisposing them to heart disease as an adult if not treated.
Family Accommodations Program
In order to make your trip to Children's Hospital of Wisconsin as easy as possible, we have developed a program that helps out-of-town families coordinate their travel arrangments to Milwaukee.
Fat Necrosis
A benign breast condition in which painless, round, firm lumps caused by damaged and disintegrating fatty tissues form in the breast tissue, often in response to a bruise or blow to the breast.
Fats
One of three main types of foods, along with proteins and carbohydrates. Provides the body with a source of energy. Needs bile in order to be digested properly and utilized for energy.
Fear
An uncontrollable, irrational, and persistent fear of a specific object, situation or activity. It is also known as phobia.
Fecal Fat Test
Assesses how well the body can break down and absorb fat. A fat free diet is eaten for two to three days, and then stool samples are collected and examined for the amount of fat they contain.
Fecal Occult Blood Test
Checks for occult (hidden) blood in a random stool sample.
Femoral Head
"Ball" of the long leg bone.
Femur
Thighbone.
Fetal
Refers to a baby before birth.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
A group of abnormalities in babies born to mothers who consume alcohol during pregnancy.
Fetal Blood Sampling
A procedure to remove a small amount of blood from the fetus during pregnancy. In the past, fetal blood sampling was used only during labor through the mother's open cervix to test blood from the fetal scalp for oxygenation. Today, in many perinatal care centers, fetal blood sampling is performed by specially trained perinatologists as part of diagnosing, treating, and monitoring fetal problems at various times during pregnancy.
Fetal Cardiac Program
The Fetal Cardiac Program, part of Herma Heart Center at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, provides comprehensive assessment and care of fetal cardiac disease while compassionately supporting and educating each family.
Fetal Concerns Program
A program provided through the cooperative efforts of Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Froedtert Hospital and the Medical College of Wisconsin. Through this program women are assisted in getting information about a diagnosis or potential diagnosis of their unborn child or not yet conceived child.
Fetal Echocardiogram
An ultrasound of the heart of an unborn baby. This test is often times done by a pediatric cardiologist to examine the anatomy of the heart, it's chambers, vessels and valves.
Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome
A combination of birth defects affecting growth, learning and facial features caused by the mother's use of phenytoin, an anti-seizure medication, during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Fetal Monitoring
During late pregnancy and during labor, your physician may want to monitor the fetal heart rate and other functions. Fetal heart rate monitoring is a method of checking the rate and rhythm of the fetal heartbeat.
Fetal Movement Counting
A way a mother can help monitor the movements of her unborn baby by counting the number of kicks in a certain time period. It is also known as counting fetal movement and kick counting.
Fiber
Fiber is an ingredient in edible plants that aids in digestion. Fiber helps keep the stool soft, and keeps it traveling easily through the intestine. Fiber is found in vegetables, fruits, beans and whole grains.
Fibrillation
Rapid contractions of the heart muscles.
Fibroadenoma
A solid, smooth, benign lump that is commonly found in women in their late teens and early twenties.
Fibrocystic Breast Disease
Noncancerous irregularities and lumpiness in the breast tissue. It is also known as fibroid breasts or generalized breast lumpiness.
Fibroid Breasts
Noncancerous irregularities and lumpiness in the breast tissue. It is also known as fibrocystic breast disease or generalized breast lumpiness.
Fibromyalgia
Chronic, widespread pain in muscles and soft tissues surrounding joints, accompanied by fatigue. It is also known as fibrositis.
Fibrosis
Process by which inflamed tissue becomes scarred.
Fibrositis
Chronic, widespread pain in muscles and soft tissues surrounding joints, accompanied by fatigue. It is also known as fibromyalgia.
First-Degree Burns
Burns that only affect the epidermis, or outer layer of skin. The burn site appears red, painful, dry and absent of blisters. Mild sunburn is an example. Scarring is usually rare or minimal. It is also known as superficial burns.
First-Degree Relative
A relative that you share 1/2 of your genes with - such as your parents, children and siblings.
Fistula
An abnormal connection between two organs, or between an organ and the outside of the body.
Flu
A viral respiratory tract infection. The influenza viruses are divided into three types: A, B and C. It is also known as influenza.
Fluorescein Stain
A dye placed in the eye. A special light is then used to make the dye "glow" in the eye. Any abrasion or scratch on the cornea can be seen.
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH)
A laboratory technique used to determine how many copies of a specific segment of DNA are present or absent in a cell.
Fluoride
A mineral that can be found in water and toothpaste that can help prevent tooth decay.
Fluoroscopy
A study of moving body structures, similar to an x-ray "movie." A continuous x-ray beam is passed through the body part being examined, and is transmitted to a TV-like monitor so that the body part and its motion can be seen in detail.
Flutter
Ineffective contractions of the heart muscles.
Folate
B vitamin which is known to decrease the occurrence of some birth defects such as open neural tube defects. It is also known as folic acid.
Folic Acid
B vitamin which is known to decrease the occurrence of some birth defects such as open neural tube defects. It is also known as folate.
Folic Acid Deficiency
A deficiency in a B vitamin known as folic acid, which can cause megaloblastic anemia.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland in the brain that stimulates the growth and maturation of eggs in females and sperm in males, and sex hormone production in both males and females.
Folliculitis
An inflammation of the hair follicles due to an infection or irritation.
Fontanel
The soft spot on a newborn's head.
Fontan Procedure
A surgical procedure performed to repair heart defects in which only one ventricle is functional. It connects the right atrium to the pulmonary artery, allowing oxygen-poor (blue) blood from the body to flow into the lungs. See our Quality Reports for information on our average length of stay after the Fontan procedure.
Food Allergies
An abnormal response of the body to a certain food. It is important to know that this is different than a food intolerance, which does not affect the immune system, although some of the same symptoms may be present.
Food-Borne Transmission
Transmission of an infection through consuming contaminated food.
Food Intolerance
An adverse food-induced reaction that does not involve the immune system. Lactose intolerance is an example.
Foramen Ovale
A hole between the right and left atria, present in all unborn children, that remains open after birth for variable periods of time.
Forceps
Special metal "tongs" used by the medical staff, to assist in the delivery process of a newborn's head. They are place on each side of the baby's head during the final stage of labor.
Foreign Body Extraction
The use of a catheter inserted into a blood vessel to retrieve a foreign body in the vessel.
Foremilk
The breast milk produced at the beginning of the feeding. This milk is lower in fat and calories than the milk produced later or toward the end of the feeding referred to as hindmilk.
Foreskin
Skin covering the end of the penis
Formula
A milk that is commercially manufactured. There is a wide variety of specialty formulas for infants with special needs. Soy based milk formulas can be substituted for infants allergic to cow's milk, and easily digested formulas can be used for infants with special needs related to disorders of their gastrointestinal tract as well as a variety of other special need formulas. Your baby's physician will subscribe these formulas for your baby as needed.
Fractures
A partial or complete break in the bone.
Fragile-X Syndrome
The most common form of mental retardation in males caused by an abnormality in the FMR-1 gene on the X chromosome.
Fraternal Twins
These twins are not identical, this means there were two eggs that were fertilized. They can both be one sex, or they can be one of each sex.
Freckles
Darkened, flat spots that typically appear only on sun-exposed areas of skin.
Free Skin Graft
The detaching of healthy skin from one part of the body to repair areas of lost or damaged skin in another part of the body.
Frenectomy
The surgical removal of a frenum in the mouth. A frenum is a fold of tissue that passes from the movable lip or cheek to the gum. When a frenum is positioned in such a way as to interfere with the normal alignment of teeth or results in pulling away of the gum from the tooth surface causing recession, these are often removed using a surgical process known as frenectomy.
Frenulectomy
Surgical removal of a fold of tissue called a frenum. There are several different frenums in the mouth and they can attach to the inside of the lip, inside of the cheek or to the bottom of the tongue. It is also known as tongue tie surgery.
Frenum
A fold of tissue in the mouth.
Frontal Bone
Front part of the skull.
Frostbite
Damage to the skin from freezing and is due to prolonged exposure to cold temperatures, usually below 32Á F. It occurs when ice crystals form in the skin or deeper tissue. The most common sites for frostbite are the fingers, hands, toes, feet, ears, nose and cheeks.
Frostnip
Less severe than frostbite. Affects the tips of the cheeks, ears, nose, fingers and toes. It can usually be treated at home. The skin may be reddened and feel numb or tingly.
Full Thickness Burns
Burns that destroy the epidermis and dermis. The burn site appears white or charred black. There is no sensation in the area, because the nerve endings are destroyed. It is also known as third-degree burns.
Fundal Height
The uppermost portion of the uterus. The fundal height is measured with each prenatal appointment to ensure that it is getting larger, which is assumed to be an indicator of fetal growth. It is also known as fundus.
Fundus
The uppermost portion of the uterus. The fundal height is measured with each prenatal appointment to ensure that it is getting larger, which is assumed to be an indicator of fetal growth. It is also known as fundal height.
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