Urology is a surgical specialty concerned with normal and abnormal problems of the kidney, renal, pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra, penis, and vagina in both genders. Urogenital or genitourinary (GU) are words that refer to the urinary and genital organs.

Nephrology is the medical specialty concerned with the kidneys.

According to the American Society of Pediatric Nephrology (ASPN) each year in the US:

• 1,200,000 children develop urinary tract infections, more than one-third of which have vesicoureteral reflux, a specific obstruction of the urinary tract.
• 300,000 children will develop disorders that cause blood and protein to leak into their urine, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome and glomerulonephritis.
• 20,000 children are born with kidney abnormalities.
• 4,500 children and teenagers will require dialysis for renal failure.
• 2,000 infants will not survive due to a disease of the genitourinary system.

• Pediatric nephrologist.
• Pediatric urologist.
• Pediatrician.
• Pediatric surgeons.
• Transplant surgeons.
• Perinatologist.
• Geneticists.
• Pediatric radiologist.
• Neurodevelopmental specialists.
• Nutritionists.
• Social workers.
• Psychologists.
• Pediatric nurses.

Anatomy of the Urinary System
Overview of Genitourinary Disorders
Male Conditions
Ambiguous Genitalia
Urinary Incontinence (Enuresis)
Exstrophy of the Bladder and Epispadias
Glomerulonephritis
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Horseshoe Kidney
Megaureter
Nephrotic Syndrome
Neurogenic Bladder
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
Prune Belly Syndrome
Ureterocele and Ureteral Duplication
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)
Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)
Renal Failure
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